Essay on Geography of India - 955 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;I would like to present to you the country of India. A country one-third the area of the United States (total land mass is 2,973,190 sq. kilometers) borders China on the northeast, Pakistan on the west, Nepal and Blutan to the north, and Burma and Bangladesh to the east. It is divided into three categorical geographic regions: the Gangetic Plain, the plateau region in the south, the Himalayan region in the north, which contains some of the highest mountains in the world and a central part. India has a population of 1,027,015,247 than speaks a whopping seventeen different languages. India has several religions but six major religions are Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Buddhism, Sikhism, and Jinism.†¦show more content†¦An estimated 750 million people live on the areas around the Himalaya rivers, which includes Bangladesh. Vegetation across the range varies with climate and altitude. The lower regions show a forest that contains shrubery, plants, and t rees that tend to fall off due to winter seasons. In the higher region of the Himalayas lies a vegetation area that consisted of temperate forests, conifers, and tundra. The Himalayas are topped off with the snow-line in which whatever lies above is covered in snow year round. Also on the eastern side evergreen rainforests can be sighted. The Himalayas have a profound impact on the climate especially to the Tibetan plateau and Indian subcontinent. It prevents â€Å"frigid, dry Arctic winds from blowing south into the subcontinent, which keeps South Asia much warmer than corresponding temperate regions in the other continents. It also forms a barrier for the monsoon winds, keeping them from traveling northwards, and causing heavy rainfall in the Terai region†(Himalaya). An example of the impact the mountain range gives to the population is that is a natural barrier to the movement of people for a long time. It has prevented people from China and Mongolia to meet those from the Indian subcontinent and â€Å"caused a significant difference in languages and customs between these regions. The Himalaya has also hindered trade routes and prevented military expeditions across its expanse†(Himalaya).Show MoreRelatedWhat Is The Geography Of India1307 Words   |  6 PagesOverview of India (1) Map of Major Cities: Size relative to Canada: Approx â…“ (India is 3.1 million sq km, CAN 9,984,670) Population: 1.324 billion World Region: Southern Asia, bordering the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, between Burma and Pakistan. Capital City: New Delhi Currency: Rupee [1 CAN$ = 50.09 Indian Rupee (INR)], 1 Rupee = 100 Paise Languages spoken: Hindi 41%, Bengali 8.1%, Telugu 7.2%, Marathi 7%, Tamil 5.9%, Urdu 5%, Gujarati 4.5%, Kannada 3.7%, Malayalam 3.2%, Oriya 3.2%, PunjabiRead MoreMy Speech On The Geography Of India1708 Words   |  7 PagesIt was a warm December day and I woke up to get ready for school. Of course in India, the average temperature stays around 85 degrees Celsius in India, so I woke up in a puddle of sweat. As usual, morning chores had to be done before school. First came milking the cows and the goats. This was by far the hardest chore of the morning, due to the fact that I was always paranoid about getting kicked. After finishing up the chores, I got ready for school. I loved school because it allowed to free myselfRead MoreNat Books Essay1170 Words   |  5 Pages(Prelims or Mains), aspirants need to focus on the NCERT texts on the below subjects: History, Geography, Economics, Political Science, Sociology, Fine Arts, and Science. NCERT Books: History †¢ History: NCERT Class VI – Our Past †¢ History: NCERT Class VII – Our Past -I †¢ History: NCERT Class VIII – Our Past II and III †¢ History: NCERT Class IX – India and the Contemporary World – I †¢ History: NCERT Class IX – India and the Contemporary World – II †¢ History: NCERT Class X – Themes In World History †¢ History:Read MoreGeography Of The Indian Subcontinent871 Words   |  4 Pages Geography of the Indian subcontinent influenced the development of civilization there greatly, because of how diverse India is. The geography of the Indian subcontinent had a big affect not only with the development of civilization, but on economics, religion and social order as well. The Indian subcontinent is diverse in many ways, such as the array of languages, as well as the reputation of being a â€Å"cradle of religion† which created two of the world’s major religions, Hinduism and Buddhism(p.Read MoreLand Use Pattern of India1527 Words   |  7 PagesPattern of India http://www.indianetzone.com/24/land_use_pattern_india.htm Land Use Pattern of India - Informative researched article on Land Use Pattern of India Sign in | Register Now Geography of India Art Culture | Entertainment | Health | Reference | Sports | Society | Travel in Articles Forum | Free E-magazine | RSS Feeds Geography of India : Indian Climate | Indian Mountains | Indian Forests | Indian Soil | Indian Vegetation | Animal Husbandry in India | Resources in India | IndianRead MoreThe Indian Independence Movement Of India1129 Words   |  5 Pagesmovement (1918-1947) leading up till the riots that caused the partition of India. This means that I will be analyzing the complete territory of India that was present during that time period. There are several reasons I am focusing in on this time period. First I will be researching about the independence movement which eventually led to the Indian Independence Act of 1947 and then see how that leads to the partition of India. This specific time period is extremely important in Indian history becauseRead MoreDescribe The Relationship Between Ancient Civilizations1023 Words   |  5 Pagesbe explaining the relationship between four ancient civilizations. These civilizations include; Mesopotamia, India, China and Egypt. Not only will I be explainin g the relationship between these four civilizations, I will also be explaining how the geography of these civilizations relate to religion, social classes,and writing. Paragraph 1 - Describe land and water forms The geography of these four civilizations are very important aspect of their culture and affect many things such as religionRead MoreHuman Geography And Development Studies1622 Words   |  7 Pagesconstantly changing. Both natural and human created events, shape the world and create strong relationships between the environment and society. Human geography and development studies are two fields seeking to analyse these interrelationships and answer key questions about major issues in the world such as poverty, inequality and conflict. Human geography is largely about studying the spatial aspects of relationships between people and society whereas development studies focusses more on the way societiesRead MoreIndian Culture, Politics And Business1410 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: For the research report, I would like to pick India to analyse their situations in terms of geography, culture, politics and business. The following report will give a clear understanding of geographical image, cultural image, political image and economical image of India. †¢ Geography The land area The population Land per head of population 3,287 thousand sq km 1,243.3 million (2013) 0.3 hector per head According to the DFAT, India had 1,243.3 million people in 2013 and the total landRead MoreEssay on HISTORY1490 Words   |  6 Pages(5 points) The Himalayas are the largest mountain range in the world. They are a natural barrier between Asia and the subcontinent. They are famous for affecting the monsoon seasons, Basically when the monsoon winds and precipitation goes through India and travels further North they go right into the Himalayas but the sheer height of these mountains stop the rains from going any more north and then push them East towards Southeast Asia. This makes a very dry reason not too far pas t the Himalayas

How do others influence our behaviour Discuss with...

Word count: 1,633 How do others influence our behaviour? Discuss with reference to social psychology theory and research. Social influence has many different definitions in psychology, it is mainly used to summarise the field of social psychology. Mainly looking at â€Å"how thoughts, feelings and behaviour of individuals are influenced by actual, imagined or implied presence of others† (McGrath, 1970.) Our social life is mainly distinguished by our social influences; influences we are both consciously and subconsciously aware of. As individuals we occasionally change our behaviour to fit in to social situations, we alter our behaviours as we are unsure of the correct way to feel or act and use others as a resource of information. Our†¦show more content†¦Normative influence however usually results in compliance, whereby although a person may be seen to change their opinion, outside of the situation they will revert to their original opinion. Asch study lacks validity in that it cannot be readily applied to real world situations. Williams and Sogon (1984) studied Japanese students who belonged to a sports club and found that conformity was even higher when the majority influence was people whom the students knew. However it is important to remember this could represent the collectivistic nature of Japanese society and may not be generalisable to other societies. A further study into cultural factors by (Smith and Bond, 1993) showed that conformity within individualist cultures does appear to be higher in societies where group harmony is important. A study conducted by (Jenness, 1932) involved a jar of beans and students estimating how many beans were inside the jar. After, he grouped the participants together to discuss the contents. When they were separated and asked their opinions again, Jenness found that the estimates had converged around a central figure and group norm. The conclusion suggested that in ambiguous situations, we tend look to others for help, assuming that a majority figure will be more reliable. (Sherif, 1935) asked participants to sit in a darkened room and had to guess how much an a spot of lightShow MoreRelatedClassic Behavioristic Principles of Psychology Developed by B.F. Skinner1372 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Gewirtz and Pelà ¡ez-Nogueras (1992), â€Å"B. F. Skinner contributed a great deal to advancing an understanding of basic psychological processes and to the applications of science-based interventions to problems of individual and social importance.† He contributed to â€Å"human and nonhuman behavior, including human behavioral development, and to various segments of the life span, including human infancy† (p. 1411). One of Skinners greatest scientific discoveries was â€Å"single reinforcement† whichRead MoreSocial Psychology Prosocial Behaviour1444 Words   |  6 PagesEssay ‘Using social psychology theories, discuss the situational factors that affect the likelihood that people will engage in prosocial behaviour. What is the evidence for these effects, and how might changes in our society affect the likelihood of people acting prosocially? According to Gross (2010) the term prosocial behaviour is used to describe behaviours carried out by individuals intended to benefit others, such as helping, cooperating, comforting, reassuring, defending, sharing, donatingRead MoreEssay on The History of Psychology1423 Words   |  6 PagesThe History of Psychology In order to discuss Psychologys history, it is important to understand that psychology still does not have one unifying approach unlike the natural sciences; even the definition of Psychology and what it truly means is still undecided. However I shall attempt to review chronologically its philosophical origins, include how the science of Physics and Biology were placedRead MoreEssay about What is a child1374 Words   |  6 Pages What is a Child? Discuss how a scientific, a social constructionist and an applied approach attempt to answer this question. This essay will attempt to discuss how sociologists have attempted to answer the question. Childhood is viewed differently, depending on the country being considered, the period of time being studied or a personal viewpoint. According to the UN convention, a child is anybody under the age of eighteen. Several studies have been undertaken by sociologists to examine childhoodRead MoreHow Can Aggression Be Minimised? Discuss with Reference to Three Theories of Aggression.2099 Words   |  9 PagesPage Module Title and Code: AP 1149: Introduction to Development and Social Perspectives on Psychology. Assignment: How can aggression be minimised? Discuss with reference to three theories of aggression. How can aggression be minimised? Discuss with reference to three theories of aggression. Introduction This essay discusses how aggression can be minimised with reference to three theories of aggression. These theories are discussed in the main body of the essay with regard to the contextRead MoreHow Social Schemas Theory and Related Research Contributes to Our Understanding of the Way in Which People Evaluate and React in Their Social Environment1525 Words   |  7 PagesHow social schemas theory and related research contributes to our understanding of the way in which people evaluate and react in their social environment Cognitive representations of social situations are referred to as schemas. These are mental structures, active in our brain, providing us with a knowledge store which determines how we view our social surroundings. These schemas are built from organised pre-registered data which determine our reactions to, and perceptions of, everyday lifeRead MoreExisting Career Theories Do Not Account for Modern Career Path. Discuss Two Career Theories with Reference to Both Research and Your Own Experience.1723 Words   |  7 PagesExisting career theories do not account for modern career path. Discuss two career theories with reference to both research and your own experience. This article aims to touch the broad, and ever developing discussion of post modern theories and their application today. The main focus will fall on Hollands theory of vocational personalities in work environment and the Edgar Scheines notion of career anchors and how both theories fit within the modern career paths. Holland has proposedRead MoreBehaviourist and Social Learning2452 Words   |  10 PagesWith reference to chosen theory of learning (behaviourist, social learning) discuss its application to patient education in context of general nursing. It may be said; why is psychology significant in nursing care and why do we use learning theories to assist in patient care? Well according to Walker et al (2007), in the caring profession nurses, spend most, if not all of their working lives interacting with other people. A key part of a nurse’s job is to promote healthful behaviour. When a patientRead MoreDescription of The Psychology of Action1298 Words   |  6 Pagesfor a complete understanding of the causes of human behavior. Discuss Relying on ones intuition is an inaccurate way of deciding on the causes of a person’s behavior. A person behavior is normally shaped by past experiences, culture, education or genes. Hence intuition is not an adequate means by which one can assess the behavioral pattern of an individual. Scholars, over the years, have explored this phenomenon of what influences our behavior and have shown that intuition is not adequate enoughRead MoreBoth Nature and Nurture Influence Human Behaviour1918 Words   |  8 Pages‛BOTH NATURE AND NURTURE INFLUENCE HUMAN BEHAVIOUR’ The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Current English defines Nature as â€Å"persons or animal’s innate character, and innate meaning inborn†. This means that nature plays a large part in how humans inherit the physical characteristics of their parents, but also that their personalities and characters are predetermined by family genetics. The dictionary also defines nurture as â€Å"bringing up, fostering care† which implies learning and training to regulate

Shakespeare with Professor Ken Tomkins Free Essays

In at least four plays of the Shakespeare Canon, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, As You Like It, Richard II, and Romeo and Juliet, the function of class structure and economics governs the conduct of the characters and provides a central conflict that moves each story towards it’s climax. Shakespeare wrote these plays with the social class system in mind. Audiences from all economic levels of society viewed these plays, which included characters from each social set as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Shakespeare with Professor Ken Tomkins or any similar topic only for you Order Now The economic fortunes of certain classes is influenced by life at court and the political and social commentaries which are imbedded in particular plays reflect the injustices which were common practice during those times. Dutiful daughters, regarded as second-class citizens, rebel against advantageous marriages, kingdoms are overthrown, commoners discuss royal figures with derision, and characters reject court life and tyranny. Economics is a fine web that supports different characters and the destinies they are to fulfill. One not born to an economically advantaged world cannot fulfill that destiny. 1 We, as audience, are invited to court to learn the mannerisms of the nobility and we experience banishment into the â€Å"green world†2 countryside, with its resulting restoration of social order. Audience Audience is one key to understanding the function of class and economics in William Shakespeare’s plays. We generally understand that he wrote his plays for economic gain as well as for artistic expression; therefore, we cannot afford to overlook his audience, and the potential impact they had upon his writing style. His audience was comprised of the three-tiered social structure and there had to be something in each play to charm them all. Class and economics determined the set-up of the theaters in that time, so it is not an issue that could be ignored by this playwright; rather he echoes it in his works. Separation from the masses was assured by the seating arrangements. The top tiers were reserved for royalty and the middle areas were for the landed gentry, while the floor seats where the â€Å"groundlings† viewed the proceedings resemble our modern-day mosh pits. In that time, it would have been unthinkable for the lowest class to be seated in seats above the other social strata and it is interesting that this seating arrangement has shifted over the centuries. Shakespeare made sure to guarantee his patron base by appealing to the people who financed his plays. Frequently the most important roles were kings and queens or nobles. The acting out of the schemes that take place in court life was undoubtedly familiar and welcome to members of that class. Shakespeare targeted women as consumers because they are historically strong patrons of the arts, while men probably enjoyed gambling and carousing more. In that patriarchal society, class, and expectations restricted women’s actions. As characters in Shakespeare’s dramas, they challenged their long- accepted roles. The â€Å"groundlings† were satisfied because they, like our society today, liked to see the nobility in disarray. There is an entire sub-culture of gossip publications and news shows that deal exclusively with the nobility of our time, Hollywood actors, and sports personalities. Much interest was generated to the same end in Shakespeare’s time. The peasant class thrived on scandal that involved the nobility. Shakespeare made sure to include as much court-inspired strife as was possible, without ostracizing that particular set of patrons. He was able to get away with it because the lords and ladies, the middle-class, enjoyed gossip even more that the plebeians did. In As You Like It, and Richard II, he portrays the usurpers in an unflattering light, while the true Duke and King respectively, gain the audiences pity. This is a very delicate matter, groundlings can enjoy watching nobility fall, and the nobility can watch the usurpers get their own back. The plays satisfy a variety of audiences. Class Conflict Class conflict is a function of Shakespeare’s work because, without it, there is no conflict to be resolved. It is the driving force behind many of his plays. Conflicts always start in the court setting, and cannot be resolved until the natural order of each monarchy is reinforced or put back in place. There can be no subversion at the end. The role of class in Romeo and Juliet reflects royal determinations regarding the family rivalry between the Capulets and the Montagues. The play opens with an angered prince and closes with one. Apparently, with both families on the same higher social level, the fighting between them is not something that should happen at this altitude. They are playing out their feud at the street level, which is demeaning to both families. â€Å"From ancient grudge break to new mutiny, Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean. † (1. P. 5). The word, â€Å"unclean,† suggests that they have tarnished their images. The prince re-emphasizes this image in his admonishment, â€Å"Profaners of this neighbour-stained steel-â€Å"(1. 1. 82). The prince is a minor character in this tragedy; he has not many lines to speak. It is clear to all that he controls the social order in the following quote. â€Å"And then will I be general of your woes, And lead you even to death. â€Å"(5. 3. 219). The drama that occurs in his kingdom is subject to Royal will and dictates. A Midsummer Night’s Dream starts in the human court and ends with the balance of power in the Fairy court. Social order always returns to whoever was the rightful owner. We can make an argument that in the end of Richard II, the wrong king is in power, but we must remember that Richard himself upset the divine right of succession by stealing away Bullingbrook’s inheritance and name. Richard upset the class system, and he pays the price. It is interesting that these Henriad plays focus on placing the â€Å"Ideal Christian King† in power. Richard, while the object of pity in the end, obviously was not such a king because he was the catalyst for change, and he paved the way for the â€Å"New Man. â€Å"3 The fortunes of all in Richard II depend upon who is in power; indeed, the change of power changes not only the economics, but also the life status of the characters Bushy and Green. This theme is still prevalent today, the change in power structure extends down the power line, only now instead of losing one’s life, administrative employees lose their positions, which in political life, is the death of one’s career for a time. Class, Social Rank Freedom Class serves the function of determining degrees of wealth and freedom in many plays. Mapped out, it looks something like the following: 1. Royalty Nobility- (ruling-class) they enjoy great power and authority that is limited only by the expectations of their subjects. The magnificence of these offices is sadly linked to the loss of freedom. They are subject to the severe maxims that govern this class, which include their personal conduct, lines of succession, and ability to marry. The role that government fulfills also affects the economic stability of their subjects. When speaking to one another they use the more formal poetry, and when they speak to someone below their station, they tend to resort to a simpler prose form of speech. As rulers, they are also targets, everyone will come out of the woodwork to overthrow them or create stress for them. Duke Sr. in As You Like It, holds forth, † Hath not old custom made this life more sweet Than that of painted pomp? † Are not these woods More free from peril than the envious court? † (2. 1. 2-4). 2. Middle-ranks- (landed gentry and merchants) The survival of the middle ranks depends upon the survival of the highest ranks, that is changes in power are reflected at this level because they are the supporting class. As gentry, their lives can be forfeit or spared, their lands can be confiscated or returned, and their titles bestowed or revoked. As merchants or citizens, they can experience economic changes that can enhance or deplete their fortunes. Their speech patterns also vary according to their conversations, just as we use different language with our bosses than we do with our peers, so did they use prose when speaking with lower classes and poetry with those in the upper ranks. 3. Lower-ranks- (peasants and laborers)- This class of society â€Å"enjoys the most freedom and their lives are the least bruised† by whoever is in power, as they never alter their position in society. No matter who is in power, their privileges and fortunes do not change. They have the least expectations placed upon them and do not have to strive to impress any one outside of their social class other than the people who employ them (Reynolds). 4 In each of these plays, the complicating action starts in the court as the ruling classes that will affect the families and country around them, make catalytic decisions. Since Shakespeare introduces most of his characters in the first act, the complicating actions hinge upon the fact that the primary characters never resist the opportunity to make a better outcome for themselves. Luckily, they forge ahead on their ill-advised paths; otherwise, there would be no end to the first plateau of each play. In A Midsummer Night’s Dream, we have two sets of Royals: the King and Queen of the fairies, and the Duke, Theseus and soon-to-be Duchess of Athens. Egeus needs permission to send his wayward daughter to a nunnery or her death, for her refusal to marry Demetrius. Her refusal is a blatant upset in the social order, mirrored in the fairy world by Tatania disobeying Oberon. Only when the conflict is resolved in the fairy world can it be resolved in the human world. 5 In this particular play, the Fairy King and Queen are the uppermost level of classes. Their actions are affecting those classes below. The decision made by the Duke forces the young characters departure from the court to the â€Å"green world. † The tension begins with his proclamation: â€Å"For you, fair Hermia, look you arm yourself To fit your fancies to your fathers will; Or else the law of Athens yields you up (Which by no means we may extenuate) To death or vow of single life. â€Å"(1. 1. 120). â€Å"Extenuate† is a very important word in this passage, as it explains the rules that the upper classes must live by. Theseus seems to care about Hermia, and almost appears to be pleading with her to make the right decision, because he cannot mitigate the rules. Bound by the traditions of his office, he cannot resolve the problem. Once the Fairy world is back in order, and the lovers are in love with their rightful partners, then only can Theseus pardon their behavior. It is an empty pardon, for the highest ruling class already resolved the conflict. Another line that reveals the importance of class is, â€Å"Know of your youth, examine well your blood. â€Å"(1. 1. 68). Said by Theseus to Hermia, it is telling that bloodlines are important and come with a specific set of expectations that must be fulfilled. Hermia and Juliet struggle from the dictums of their class, they are pre-destined to execute their duty under the patriarchal system, and they go to extreme measures to escape their restrictive environments. Juliet blithely wishes that Romeo would deny his name and fate, because she wants to eat her cake and still have it. If he were to refuse his name, she could avoid the â€Å"dutiful daughter† restraints, and retain her true love. Montague wishes his daughter to have a few more years on the planet before she is married off, but he submits to Paris’ request because of the social climbing nature of society. Both he and his wife wish to make the most advantageous match for their daughter, and would marry her off immediately after the death of a kinsman no matter how socially unseemly it is. The nurse character in Romeo Juliet appears strangely unbound by the traditions of this level of society. Her place in the family is assured, as she has raised Juliet. Her place in the class system is as a â€Å"Natural†. She speaks of sex and practical matters and is viewed as a â€Å"bawdy character,† according to Tomkins. 6 Lady Montague seems to have a bit of trouble deciding weather or not this woman is worthy of joining in on family discussions of Juliet’s future, but the nurse feels confident enough to meddle in their affairs. Expectations of this character are mixed according to the players on the stage. Tatania also strays from the expectations of fairy society by taking a clown with an Asses head as lover, but this was not by choice, but rather by trickery. This is a blatant upset of social order. Bottom represents the lower human kingdom, the lower class, and the lowest of all possible levels, an animal used for the most menial tasks. Bottom, while not the lowest class of human, but close to it, is affected by the decisions of King Oberon and for a brief while enjoys being pampered, cosseted and loved by the Fairy Queen. As an actor, Bottom’s economic fortune is dependant upon the Duke picking the play of â€Å"Pyramus and Thisby† to view as his wedding’s entertainment. We never find out if the rustics are paid for their work, but it is suggested that they gain something of value for being chosen. Banishment Romeo is destroyed by his banishment from Verona; it represents his banishment from his economic base as well as his social milieu. He equates banishment with death, â€Å"And world’s exile is death; then banished Is death misterm’d. (3. 3. 21). Banishment suggests rustication, or the stripping away of all economic and family scaffolding, typically in a country setting. In Shakespeare, all of important society lives in cities, certainly not in the country. 7 In As You Like It, not only is the Duke exiled from his duchy, he is exiled from comfort and he is leading the life of a different social order. Shakespeare, by his choice of speeches, shows us that court life is truly preferable in terms of creature comforts. Orlando complains of his treatment by his brother Oliver, † For my part, he keeps me rustically at home, † and â€Å"Stays me here at home unkept; for call you that keeping for a gentleman of my birth, that differs not from the stalling of an Ox? â€Å"(1. 1. 7-11). Duke Sr. complains in a roundabout way, † Here feel we not the penalty of Adam, The seasons difference, as the icy fang And churlish chiding of the winter’s wind-â€Å"(2. 1. 7). The symbols of office are of important economic importance in Richard II and represent something of a crisis to Bullingbrook. Without the symbols of office, he is not truly king. He needs to secure those symbols because without them his character is still one exiled from his country and disinherited from his family line. He is a man without any social class at all without that crown (4. 1. 175-80). The young gentry in A Midsummer Night’s Dream act strangely once they are out of the court setting. They, under the spell of the fairy kingdom, fight and act rudely towards one another. Lysander said, â€Å"Get you gone you dwarf; You minimus, of hind’ring knot-grass made; You bead, you acorn. It appears that with the removal of the trappings of court, or higher society, former members of high society experience a breakdown of manners and class characteristics (3. 2. 327-9). The four plays that are discussed in this essay have countless references to the expectations of social class; however, it would take a much longer document to include them all. For our purposes, it is clear from the examples above, that Shakespeare deliberately used social class and economics as a function to move story lines along and to satisfy the needs of his audience. According to Tomkins, â€Å"Silliness is not a class thing, it crosses gender and nobility lines. 8 The role that the ruling class played is most important, because it usually establishes the outcome of all the players in each performance. In the end, each character fulfills their own personal destiny according to the dictums of their identifiable economic sphere. It is also clear that Shakespeare’s audience was aware of, and possible approved the preference of the court over the â€Å"green world. † If the â€Å"green world† were a preferable locale, story lines would end in that vicinity. How to cite Shakespeare with Professor Ken Tomkins, Papers

Prevalence insufficient physical activities - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about thePrevalence of insufficient physical activities Answer: Cardiovascular disorders: Diseases that involve heart and blood vessels are mainly termed as heart or cardiovascular disorders. It includes different types of problems one of which may be atherosclerosis. This occurs when a condition develops where plaques build up in the arteries and narrows the walls of the arteries. It becomes harder for the blood to flow resulting in stroke or attack. Blood clots may also prevent smooth blood blow through the blood vessels and therefore the muscles of the heart which is supplied by this blood begins to die resulting in attack. When a blood vessel serving the brain gets blocked, the cells in that part of the brain shut off affecting in walking, talking and others. This is ischemic attack. Bursting of blood vessels within the brain is called hemorrhagic attack. Sometimes problematic pumping of heart, arrhythmia and heart valve problems also arise. According to data provided by the World Health Organisation, cardiovascular disorders are considered to be one of the leading cause of death at a global level. Annually huge number of people are seen to die from this disorder than ither such disorders. An estimation made by them saw that 17.7 million people have died from the disorder in the year 2015. This accounted for about 31% of the global deaths in the world. Out of these deaths, it was even found out that 7.4 million people died as a result if coronary disorders and 6.7 million people died due to stroke. It was also found that three quarter of the number of deaths mainly was accounted from low and middle income countries (World Health Organization 2017). If one looks over the prevalence rate of the disorder in United Kingdom, it can be seen that the year 2017 witnessed a total of about 602782 deaths due to cardiovascular disorders with more being in women for about 310075 and comparatively lesser in men like about 292707. The highest death rate was found to be among the age cohort of 85+ accounting for about 236970 followed by the age cohort of 75 to 84 which account for about 173603. The death numbers increase from the age of 35 towards 85+ (Bhf.org.uk 2017). Risk factors for cardiovascular disorders can mainly be classified in three categories. The first is the medical conditions which increase the chance of an individual being affected by the disorders. These are the presence of high blood pressure. Besides, high cholesterol and diabetes also are marked as harmful that causes cardiovascular disorders. The second category is the unhealthy behaviours that lead to the disorders. This includes unhealthy diets, physical inactivity as well as obesity (Cdc.gov 2017). Huge amount of alcohol consumption and use of tobacco also expose individuals to this disorder. Besides, researchers are also of the opinion that genetics and family history also play important roles in the disorders. Age, sex as well as race or ethnicity also acts as important factors that determine the cardiovascular disorders occurring among them. The department of health of the United Kingdom had published an important policy namely The Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes Strategy- Improving Outcomes for People with or at Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (Gov.uk, 2017). This was published mainly under the coalition government 2010 to 2015. Another one policy was published in 2015 in the month of June called the Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes: Policies for Better Health and Quality of Care by OECD (Oecd.org 2017). A member of Cardio and Vascular Coalition (CVC) which is formed from 40 voluntary organisations working along with the government has provided many important interventions. In order to control unhealthy behaviours they have tried to keep a check on public health regulatory measures and try in restricting the advertisement of high fat, sugar and salt foods to children and others as well as introduction of plain packaging for tobacco products. Moreover CVC has also taken care that when any members are suffering from hea rt disorders, they should be able to access care, care should be present right place and at right time making healthcare centres be more active and providing patients with person-centred care. From the above discussion, it becomes quite clear that cardiovascular disorders are one of the most dreaded disorders in United Kingdom. The government however has tried its best to tackle the issues and have proposed interventions to handle them successfully. Obesity: Obesity can be defined as the physical condition where the person mainly accumulates a huge amount of fat in his body which in turn has negative impacts on health of the individual. Body mass index is actually a statistical measurement which is mainly measured from the weight as well as height of the individuals. When the BMI is below 25, it is said to be normal. When it is between 25 and 29.9, the individual is considered to be overweight and when it is 30 or above, it is considered that the individual is obese. Obesity in turn makes the individual expose to a number of other disorders like cardiovascular diseases, respiratory syndromes, osteoarthritis, diabetes and many others. This makes the life of an obese individual not only difficult but also makes him lead a poor quality life both physically and emotionally. World Health Organisation has updated their fact sheet in the year 2017 in the month of October with recent statistics of the people globally being affected by obesity. WHO is of the opinion that worldwide burden of obesity has nearly become thrice the number which was present in the year 1975. In the year of 2016, it was seen that about 1.9 billion adults above the age of 18 are overweight. Out of them, 650 million people are found to be obese. This states that about 39% of the people globally above the age of 18 are found to be overweight in the year of 2016 with about 13% found to be obese. Researchers are of the opinion that most of the population of the world live in countries where death due to overweight is more than that of death due to being underweight. About 41 million children globally coming under the age of 5 are found to be overweight. About 240 million children living between the ages of 5 to 19 are found either overweight or obese (World Health Organization 2017). If one ponders upon the prevalence in the United Kingdom, it can be seen that in year 2017, one in four British adults are found to be obese which accounts for 24.9% of the population. About 62% of the population are found to be overweight. It is striking to find out that obesity levels in United Kingdom have been tripled in the year last 30 years and at the current rates, experts are of the opinion that there will be 11 million more obese adults in the year 2030. 24 % of the British men and 26% of the British women suffer from obesity which takes the second position in the world. 3 in 10 children aged 2 to 15 are overweight or obese (Drivenbyhealth.co.uk 2017). A large number of risk factors remain associated with this disorder. Consuming too many calories, leading a sedentary lifestyle and not sleeping enough are recognised by researchers to be some. Besides, some foods act as endocrine disruptors affecting lipid metabolism process. There are certain medications which also result in gaining weight. Recent researchers are of the opinion that a gene which they named as obesity gene is also resulting in obesity. It is a faulty gene called FTO which makes 1 in every 6 people overeat making them prefer high energy, fatty foods. A policy paper was released in the name of 2010 to 2015 government policy: obesity and healthy eating which helped by providing actions that needs to be taken and at set up certain objectives to overcome obesity within the year 2020 (Gov.uk 2017). Besides, there is also another policy called the Healthy Lives, Healthy People: A Call to Action on Obesity in England. Another policy that was also introduced by the department of health under the government is the Childhood obesity: a plan for action. It was updated in 2017 in the month of January and mainly concerned around helping childhood obesity to be erased away from United Kingdom (Gov.uk, 2017). Government had taken initiatives to make people more careful and eating and drinking healthily. They had introduced diet and physical activity advice through Change4Life programme. The government is also instructing businesses to conduct their business keeping in mind to make products healthier by cutting down sugar contents and similar ot hers. Innovate UK, also conducted a collaborative research and development called RD competition worth 10 million for research. This was done to stimulate new processes as well as products to increase the presence of healthier food choices for customers and also to open up new markets. Therefore as obesity is becoming a major concern, government is retying their best to reduce the effects of such disorder on population. Individuals should also be responsible and make lifestyle choices that have positive impacts on their health. Smoking: Smoking can be explained as an unhealthy behaviour that turns onto addiction almost in all individuals who consume them. Smoking results in worsening of physiological systems of the body resulting in damage of almost every tissue in the body. It results in occurring of different diseases in the body of the individuals which includes lung cancer. It also exacerbates many other diseases which include diabetes, lung diseases, cancer as well as different cardiovascular disorders. It also causes hypertension, cholesterols become high, blood clots occur and even strokes take place. All these mainly occur because smoking of tobacco exposes the individual to around 4000 chemicals. Many of such chemicals are toxic. Toxins which are found in cigarettes include formaldehyde as well as cyanide. Other harmful substances mainly include formaldehyde as well as cyanide. Smoking exposes individuals to carbon monoxide which lowers the levels of oxygen in the blood (Westerhof et al. 2015). Passive smok ers like those people who are exposed to the smoke also remain exposed to the similar toxins. WHO global reports on trends in tobacco smoking 2000 to 2015 has estimated that smoking tobacco was the main reason for the death of about six million people across the world in each year. This figure also involves the 600000 people who are staitistically found to die from the effects of second hand smoke as well (World Health Organization, 2017). Current data taken in the year 2016 shows that about 15.5 % of adults above the age of 18 practices the habit of smoking which has reduced from the level of 19.9 % from the year 2010. Researchers are also of the opinion that throughout the year of 2015 to 2016, there have been about 474 thousand hospital admissions. They have also stated that the deaths in the same year had been noted around 79 thousands. This actually represents for about 16 percent of all deaths taking place in United Kingdom (Digital.nhs.uk, 2017). Some of the risk factors that accumulate as the causes of development of smoking habits are family attitudes where parents, grandparents, siblings or other broader family member smoke. Besides peer pressure is also another factor. Copycatting smoking behaviours to keep up the cool quotient in popular cultures also make them exposed to learning. Socio-demographic factors, personality traits, availability of tobacco products all make individuals exposed to smoking. Besides, stress also exposes an individual to pick up such habits. Department of health of the United Kingdom has proposed a policy which has been published in the year 2017 which has the title Towards a Smoke free Generation A Tobacco Control Plan for England which had actually proposed a number of action plans for controlling tobacco smoking in England (A Tobacco Control Plan for England (2017-2022) 2017). Another policy is called the Smoking Still Kills which is proposed by Action on Smoking and Health and funded by Cancer Research UK and the British Heart Foundation. This was mainly proposed after the governments five year plan for tobacco control came to an end in the year 2015 (Action on Smoking and Health, 2017). At the national level, the government had taken initiatives to provide training to all healthcare professionals on the topic of smoking cessations mainly including those professionals who work with mental health patients. The government is also reviewing the types and levels of sanctions for tobacco retailers who are breaking laws wh ich are designed to protect young people from developing such habits. Therefore, one should himself or herself develop the confidence to overcome the habits of smoking for personal benefits and can thereby lead proper quality life. Physical inactivity: Physical activity may be defined as the bodily movement which takes place due to the movement of the skeletal muscles along with expenditure of energy. This may include any activities which may be undertaken during playing, working, performing household chores, travelling as well as taking part in recreational pursuits. In order to be physically active, adults should do 150 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity for a week or at least 75 minutes vigorous activities through the week or a combination of both. However such levels are not achieved. Insufficient physical activity has been described by WHO to be one of the leading factors of death worldwide. It is also suggested that it acts a risk factor for different non communicable diseases that involve cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and cancer. WHO has pointed out the statistics which states that on a global scale, 1 in 4 adults is not active enough (Physical inactivity WHO 2017). It has also stated 80% of the adolescents of the world is insufficiently physically active. One astonishing fact is that the high income countries have double the prevalence when comparison is done with the low income countries fir both the men and women. 41% of men and 48% of women are found to be physically inactive in the high income countries but 18% of men and 21% of women are inactive in the low income countries (Global Health Observatory (GHO) data WHO 2017). Statistics on Obesity, Physical Activity and Diet in 2017 state that lack of physical inactivity was observed when 58% of women and 68% of men are overweight or obese. There were 525 thousand admissions in NHS hospitals where obesity was recorded to be factors. Physical inactivity is mainly taking place as a result of the sedentary lifestyles people are living nowadays. The recent technologies have made life easier and people get their commodities, food and necessities with simple clicks on their gadgets. Moreover the entertainments nowadays have shifted to indoor gaming, video games, cinemas and others for which people have become lazy or do not require the need to be physically active. It is extremely important for people to conduct physical activities to keep themselves in good health and shape. Department of health of the government of United Kingdom had published a series of policy papers with guidelines for different age cohort which have been found to be extremely helpful to guide people about how to keep themselves in proper shapes (NHS Digital 2017). Governments had advised parents to contribute some structure or formality which would help providing enabling environments within which children would be stimulated to play more constructively. This would help them to generate their own physical active games and plays. With the help of guidelines, governments are also trying adults to develop better lifestyles with proper exercises to keep themselves fit and healthy. 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